Topographical maps

Topographical maps are the detailed accurate graphic representations of features that appear on the Earth's surface using different colours, lines and contours. These maps present all the important features (natural and manmade) of the earth. They demonstrate physical features e.g. rivers, mountains, lakes and cultural features , e.g ,buildings ,roads railways, etc. Thus ,the study of toposheets provides a very convenient means of assessing the interrelationship that exist between man and his environment.

 The topographical maps in at giving the best possible representation of the terrain within the limits of the scale and show both the natural and manmade elements of the Earth's surface. Elements are identified and shown as far as possible in their correct position ,i.e, their location in terms of planimetric creation and elevation is defined distinctly.

The systematic mapping of countries is directly connected with the development of mathematical calculations and measuring techniques through which one can mention the discovery of the triangulation , compass , the construction of the telescope and the development of surveying instruments.